media convergence, phenomenon involving the interconnection of information and communication theory technologies, data processor networks, and media content. Information technology brings together the "three C's"—computing, communication, and content—and is a direct consequence of the digitization of media content and the popularization of the Net. Media convergence transforms established industries, services, and work practices and enables entirely new forms of content to emerge. IT erodes long-conventional media industry and content "silos" and progressively uncouples content from uncommon devices, which successively presents major challenges for public policy and regulation. The five major elements of media convergence—the technological, the industrial, the gregarious, the textual, and the political—are discussed below.
Technological intersection
The technological dimension of convergence is the most readily silent. With the World Wide Web, smartphones, tablet computers, smart televisions, and other digital devices, billions of people are straight off able to access media content that was once tied to specific communications media (print and broadcast) or platforms (newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and film).
The iPad, 2010.
Courtesy of AppleSince a different array of content is now being accessed finished the same devices, media organizations have matured cross-media content. For example, news program organizations no longer simply provide only print or audiovisual aid content but are portals that make material on tap in forms such as text, video, and podcasts, also As providing links to other germane resources, online entree to their archives, and opportunities for users to comment on the story or provide links to relevant material.
These developments wealthy person changed journalism past breaching longstanding boundaries—between who is and is not a journalist (see citizen journalism), between deadlines and other meter, betwixt journalists and editors, and between cognitive content platforms. American journalism prof Jane Singer argued that in journalism today the formerly once-closed newspaper story is now an unfastened text, with an current existence.
Industry mergers
Such technological transformations have been met by industry convergence and integration, as well equally by the raise of giant unexampled digital media players. The 1990s and early 2000s saw generous mergers, where the biggest media companies sought to diversify their interests across media platforms. Among the largest mergers were Viacom-Paramount (1994), Disney-ABC (1995), Viacom-CBS (2000), NBC-Universal (2004), and the biggest merger in corporate story at the time, the 2000 merger of United States of America On Line (AOL) and Time Warner. There were also takeovers of new media first-up companies past the established media players, so much as News Corporation's 2005 takeover of Intermix Media Inc., the parent company of MySpace.
In the tardive 1990s all these mergers made sense according to the logic of synergies, in which cross-political program media entities were greater than the sum of their component parts. However, after the technology guggle burst in 2000 with the NASDAQ crash, it became apparent that perceptiveness differences between merged entities were more hard to overcome than was first idea. For instance, the AOL–Clock Warner merger was a loser, and by the time AOL was quietly spun off arsenic a separate world company in 2009, its value was a fraction of the estimated $350 billion the merged entity was worth in 2001. Similarly, News Corporation sold polish off MySpace for $35 million in 2011, having paid $580 million to get it in 2005.
Social media
Social media is a new number one wood of the confluent media sector. The term social media refers to technologies, platforms, and services that enable individuals to engage in communication from matched, one-to-many, and many-to-galore. While the Internet has always allowed individuals to participate in media not alone every bit consumers just besides atomic number 3 producers, the social aspect of media convergence did not tucket until the 2000s, with the rise of Web 2.0 sites that aimed to beryllium user-convergent, decentralized, and fit to change over time A users modified them through ongoing participation.
Social media is exemplified by the rise of online communicating services that include the social network Facebook, the microblogging service Twitter, the video-sharing Site YouTube, blog software such arsenic Blogger and WordPress, and many others. The scale of growth of these social media platforms has been phenomenal. Facebook eldest became publicly available in 2006, and by 2012 it had over one billion users. In 2012 IT was estimated that over 72 hours of video a minute were being uploaded onto YouTube, and over four billion videos a day were being viewed from that site alone.
American media scholar Howard Rheingold has identified three core characteristics of social media. First, social media make it possible for everyone in the web to be at the same time producer, distributor, and consumer of content. "The asymmetrical relationship between broadcaster/media producer and consultation that characterized 20th century mass communications has been radically metamorphic," says Rheingold. Second, social media's power comes from the connections between its users. Third, social media allows users to coordinate activities betwixt themselves "on scales and at speeds that were not previously possible."
An epochal shift associated with convergence and social media is the rise of user-created content, with users changing from audiences to participants. Australian media scholar Axel Bruns referred to the rise of the "produser," or the Cyberspace user World Health Organization is both a user and a creator of online content, piece Brits author Charles Leadbeater discussed the "favoring-am rotation" and "mass collaborationism," where the tools of happy world become cheaper and simpler to use, distinctions betwixt amateurs and experts get over blurred, and media content product becomes increasingly shared, social, and collaborative in nature. The Brass for Economic Co-operation and Development has identified exploiter-created content as a "significant disruptive pull off... [that] creates some opportunities and challenges for established market participants and their strategies," since
Changes in the way users produce, dispense, access and re-use selective information, knowledge and entertainment potentially give climb up to accrued user autonomy, magnified engagement and raised diversity.
how have electronic media and their convergence transformed journalism
Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/media-convergence
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